Mechanics of the household; a course of study devoted to domestic machinery and household mechanical appliances . ide thefilter as the water is pumped. The chief disadvantage in thisform of filter is the small area exposed for the filtering action andthe relatively greater amount of work required for pumping thewater, due to the partial vacuum formed as the water is pumped. The cistern in Fig. 139 is provided with a catch basin whichacts as a strainer for removing leaves, etc., that would stain thewater. It is made in the form of a concrete basin and partlyfilled with gravel. The filter in thi
Mechanics of the household; a course of study devoted to domestic machinery and household mechanical appliances . ide thefilter as the water is pumped. The chief disadvantage in thisform of filter is the small area exposed for the filtering action andthe relatively greater amount of work required for pumping thewater, due to the partial vacuum formed as the water is pumped. The cistern in Fig. 139 is provided with a catch basin whichacts as a strainer for removing leaves, etc., that would stain thewater. It is made in the form of a concrete basin and partlyfilled with gravel. The filter in this case is formed by a depres-sion in the cistern floor. A section of tile is placed on the floor, 154 MECHANICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD and around it is filled the filtering material of gravel and of this kind are often filled with charcoal or other materialsthat are expected to purify the water. They are usually in-efficient because their value as absorbers of polluting agents isshort-lived and unless the materials are frequently renewed theyare valueless and sometimes a detriment to rapid Fig. 139.—Cross-section of a concrete cistern, containing a sand filter. THE HYDRAULIC RAM In places where its use is possible, the hydraulic ram is a mostconvenient and inexpensive means of mechanical water is simple in construction, requires very little attention andits cost of operation is only the labor necessary to keep it inrepair. Whenever a sufficient supply of water will admit of afall of a few feet, the hydraulic ram may be used as a pump forforcing the water to a distant elevated point, where it may beutilized for all domestic purposes. The water may be useddirectly from the ram or stored in an elevated tank as a reservesupply; or accumulated in a pressure tank, where additionalpressure is required. The hydraulic ram has been used since 1796, when it wasinvented by Joseph de Montgolfier. The principle of its opera- WATER SUPPLY 155 tion is that of th
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishernewyorkmcgrawhillb
