. Medieval and modern history; an outline of its development . adowed the world, and for generations yet was to befeared and resisted until at last its decline became evidentto all. 224. The Power and Character of Philip II. — At theoutset, however, the power of Philip II. was as great as thatwhich Charles V. had had at any time. If he did not haveAustria and the Empire, he escaped in that way the difficul-ties and embarrassments which had constantly hampered hisfather on their account. When he began to reign his con- The peace of Augsburg. Hausser, Reformation. 234-240; Johnson, Periods, 247-
. Medieval and modern history; an outline of its development . adowed the world, and for generations yet was to befeared and resisted until at last its decline became evidentto all. 224. The Power and Character of Philip II. — At theoutset, however, the power of Philip II. was as great as thatwhich Charles V. had had at any time. If he did not haveAustria and the Empire, he escaped in that way the difficul-ties and embarrassments which had constantly hampered hisfather on their account. When he began to reign his con- The peace of Augsburg. Hausser, Reformation. 234-240; Johnson, Periods, 247-249. The important clauses in Schilling, Quellenbuch, 96. Spain andAustriaseparated,1556. Penn. III.,No. 3. As powerfulas Charles V. 232 The Age of Religions Wars [§224 trol was undisputed over the resources of Spain, SpanishItaly, the Netherlands, and America. With power so muchgreater than any of his contemporaries possessed, Philip mightreasonably hope to accomplish anything that he he failed in his purposes, lost some of the best portions. Philip II. The cliarac-ter andideals ,Dutch of his empire, and exhausted the remainder was due to hispersonal character and policy. The more popular qualities of Charles early life didnot descend to his son. Philip was cold and unapproach-able, secretive in disposition, hard and unpitying, andinflexibly obstinate when his purpose was once government was a typical despotism, as he sincerelybeUeved all government should be, in which, though he § 225] Philip and Mary of England 233 might listen to the opinions of others, every decision was hisown, and, when once reached, not to be questioned by thehighest. From some source Phihp had derived a strongreligious tendency which was the controlHng influence inshaping his poHcy, and which determined the result of hisreign. The tendency was toward a somewhat formal andtheoretical religion, and it was not of a sort to control hispersonal morals, but it m
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