. Adventures with animals and plants. Biology. 290 Why Living Things Behave As They Do unit v. Fig. 272 Humafis learn by trial and error. This youngster probably havnnered his fingers in the beginning, but with repetitiojt, such wasted ynotions become less fre- quent. Why is this not a conditioned response? (38TH annual report, supt. of schools, NEW YORK city) these. Learning to open a door is an- other. Learning to dress yourself, to skate, and to ride a bicycle became prob- lems at various stages of your growth. There were countless responses for you to learn. Most of them were not condi- ti
. Adventures with animals and plants. Biology. 290 Why Living Things Behave As They Do unit v. Fig. 272 Humafis learn by trial and error. This youngster probably havnnered his fingers in the beginning, but with repetitiojt, such wasted ynotions become less fre- quent. Why is this not a conditioned response? (38TH annual report, supt. of schools, NEW YORK city) these. Learning to open a door is an- other. Learning to dress yourself, to skate, and to ride a bicycle became prob- lems at various stages of your growth. There were countless responses for you to learn. Most of them were not condi- tioned responses built on our inborn re- flexes. How did you learn them? Again let us turn to animal experimentation to find the answer. In the less complex an- imals behavior is less complex and for that reason more easily studied. A fish learns by "trial and ; In one experiment some shade-loving fish were kept in an aquarium which was half in the sun and half in the shade. They usu- ally gathered at the darkened end, espe- cially since this was the end at which they were fed. One day they were gently forced to the sunny end of the tank and kept there by a glass partition placed across the aquarium. This parti- tion contained a small hole just large enough for a fish to pass through. As \'ou would expect, the fish swam back and forth along the glass until, by acci- dent, one struck the opening; it darted through. The fish was quickly rewarded by getting food and by being in the shade. Up to this point the behavior of the fish was reflex behavior; it succeeded because of good luck. But when the ex- periment was repeated manv times with this same fish it srot to the hole with fewer and fewer wasted motions and therefore in a shorter time. The fish modified its behavior; it learned. It learned after many repetitions in the course of what is sometimes called "trial and ; Other examples of trial and error. Many similar experiments in learning have been
Size: 2071px × 1206px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookpublisherbostondcheath, booksubjectbiology
