. Plant life in Alpine Switzerland; being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants. Mountain plants. 88 TYPICAL FLOWERS OF ALPINE PASTURES Bell-flowers will, on examination, prove instructive objects. The fruit has the form termed a capsule, and contains many seeds. Just as the flower is directed mouth downwards, so the fruit is inverted. The base of the capsule becomes the top and its apex the bottom of the fruit. The capsule remains attached to the plant, and instead of the walls of the ovary or capsule splitting apart and thus exposing the seeds, as is the case
. Plant life in Alpine Switzerland; being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants. Mountain plants. 88 TYPICAL FLOWERS OF ALPINE PASTURES Bell-flowers will, on examination, prove instructive objects. The fruit has the form termed a capsule, and contains many seeds. Just as the flower is directed mouth downwards, so the fruit is inverted. The base of the capsule becomes the top and its apex the bottom of the fruit. The capsule remains attached to the plant, and instead of the walls of the ovary or capsule splitting apart and thus exposing the seeds, as is the case in many other plants, for instance, the Violet (p. 162), three to five small triangular flaps or valves will be found near the base— that is, at the top of the inverted fruit. These flaps are very sensitive to moisture, closing in wet weather, \capsui^of Ca^nr ^^^ curliug backwards when the air fanuia. Enlarged, jg ^^j "vVheu the sccds are ripe ^'bls'e of Th?'f™'? and the air dry, the valves curl through which the backwards, and the seeds are shaken seeds escape. out of the capsule by the wind, through the triangular clefts, often with considerable force, and they are thus spread to a considerable distance from the parent. We have so far only discussed Campanula rotundi- folia and C. Scheuchzeri. There are, however, some seven other species to be found in the Alpine zone, and one occurring rarely in the High Alps, None of the British species, with the exception of the Harebell, are found above 5,000 feet in Switzerland. Many of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Arber, Edward Alexander Newell, 1870-. London, J. Murray
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