. Bulletin. Ethnology. FOWKE] ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 69 and ashes. Two such depressions were lined with a coating of gumbo half an inch thick, which, however, was not mixed with sand or shell. Pots may have been shaped in these. Occasionally a small mass of gumbo, never so much as a peck, sometimes as small as a pint measure, would be found loose in the ashes, seemingly thrown there at random. Two pieces were squeezed into a rough ball; one was patted or rolled into a flattened sphere with a rounded depres- sion on one side. These were no doubt intended as material for mak- ing vessels,
. Bulletin. Ethnology. FOWKE] ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 69 and ashes. Two such depressions were lined with a coating of gumbo half an inch thick, which, however, was not mixed with sand or shell. Pots may have been shaped in these. Occasionally a small mass of gumbo, never so much as a peck, sometimes as small as a pint measure, would be found loose in the ashes, seemingly thrown there at random. Two pieces were squeezed into a rough ball; one was patted or rolled into a flattened sphere with a rounded depres- sion on one side. These were no doubt intended as material for mak- ing vessels, as was a roughly cylindrical mass of red clay and pounded shell as large as a quart cup—the " biscuit" of modern potters. About the middle of the cave a saucer-shaped depression, 4 feet across and 10 inches deep at the center, had been dug in the red clay; ashes had been deposited to a depth of 2 feet over this space before the excavation of the hole was begun, and streaks of red clay lay at about this level all around the pit. Many rocks, large and small, apparently thrown in, were in this basin and above it. No fire had been made in it: nothing buried; , ,, , „ , Fig. 14.—Clay pipe from Miller's Cave. and the upper layers or ashes extended across it unbroken. It forms another of the problems. In the den of a burrowing animal smaller than a ground hog was the frontal bone and upper portion of the face of a child of 8 or 10 years; 12 teeth are cut and others can be seen. It is shown in plate 20, c. Part of a cervical vertebra lay at the top of the skull, and there were fragments of a few other bones. The ulna of a child, broken off at the wrist, was near the door- way, in a mass of refuse in a ground-hog burrow. For several feet in every direction around here the ashes were traversed by the tun- nels and dens of these animals, some of them extending down into the clay. Twenty-five feet east of the ^loorway, a foot below the highest layer of unbroken as
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