. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. heexceptions will be noted later. The four divisions of the large intestine are the cecum, thecolon, the sigmoid loop, and the rectum (Figs. loi, 105). The cecmn, or first division, is a short pouch hanging below thelevel of the ileocolic valve and presenting the opening of the appendixverjniformis or appendix ceci. The three longitudinal bandsof the muscular coat meet at the base of the appendix, which is asmall tube three or four inches long, attached to the posterior side of THE LARGE INTESTINE. 135 the cecum. It often turns upward, quite as
. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. heexceptions will be noted later. The four divisions of the large intestine are the cecum, thecolon, the sigmoid loop, and the rectum (Figs. loi, 105). The cecmn, or first division, is a short pouch hanging below thelevel of the ileocolic valve and presenting the opening of the appendixverjniformis or appendix ceci. The three longitudinal bandsof the muscular coat meet at the base of the appendix, which is asmall tube three or four inches long, attached to the posterior side of THE LARGE INTESTINE. 135 the cecum. It often turns upward, quite as often downward, andmay lie transversely. It has all four coats, with intestinal and soli-tary glands, but is of no use. Clinical note.—Owing to its small size any substance which enters theappendix is apt to be retained, and if it is of an injurious character it willcause appendicitis. This disease is more often caused by the action ofharmful bacteria than the celebrated cherry-stone. Small intestinal wormshave been found within the Fig. 105.—Ihe Large Intestine. The small intestine and its vessels are drawn to the right to show the sigmoid colon and the rectum. The transverse colon is thrown upward (Morris). The ilio-cecal valve consists of two folds of mucous membranewith muscle fibers between the layers. They are placed at the endof the ilium where it opens into the colon, and project toward eachother, leaving only a slit-like passage. The colon begins at the ilio-cecal valve. The first part, or 136 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES. ascending colon, passes upward in the right lumbar region. Aftermaking a bend under the liver—the right colic flexure (or hepaticflexure), it becomes the transverse colon, which hangs in a loop acrossthe abdomen in front of the small intestine. Another bend occursunder the spleen, the left colic flexure (or splenic flexure); thence. the descending colon passes downward in the left lumbar region to theleft iliac fossa. Here it m
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