Byzantine and Romanesque architecture . DURHAM—The Galilee CH. xxvii] ENGLAND—NORMAN PERIOD 227 The Galilee chapel outside the west end, which over- Durhamhangs the precipice, and where lie the bones of the TheVenerable Bede, shows what the Norman style wasdeveloped into when greater experience and riper con-structive power enabled the builders to design in a lighterstyle and with more elegance (Plate CXLVIII). Itwas built by Bishop Pudsey about the year 1175, lessthan a hundred years after Bishop William laid the firststone of his ponderous arcades, and it shows a fairlyrapid advance in archi
Byzantine and Romanesque architecture . DURHAM—The Galilee CH. xxvii] ENGLAND—NORMAN PERIOD 227 The Galilee chapel outside the west end, which over- Durhamhangs the precipice, and where lie the bones of the TheVenerable Bede, shows what the Norman style wasdeveloped into when greater experience and riper con-structive power enabled the builders to design in a lighterstyle and with more elegance (Plate CXLVIII). Itwas built by Bishop Pudsey about the year 1175, lessthan a hundred years after Bishop William laid the firststone of his ponderous arcades, and it shows a fairlyrapid advance in architectural skilP. Indeed the architectreduced his supports dangerously. Of the present r 10 I ..^ /•8r. quatrefoil columns (Fig. 132) only the two marble shaftsare original, and the stone shafts were added by CardinalLangley (1406-143 7) to strengthen them. The originalarrangement remains in the responds, which have the twodetached marble shafts without the addition. Some onlyof the capitals have the abacus broken out over theadditional shafts ; several still retain the simple straightabacus belonging to the two marble shafts, like theentablature over the coupled columns at S. Costanza inRome (v. vol. i. p. 190, Plate XLIV). ^ The names of Bishop Pudseys architects are recorded,—Richard andWilliam. They are called ingeniatores. Greenwell, op. cit. p. 48 IS—2 228 ENGLAND—NORMAN PERIOD [ch. xxvii Durhamcathedral,The con-ventionalornament Progressof the artfrom Win-chester toDurham Improvedproportionof thestoreys Pittingtonchurch The development of ornament however did not keeppace with that of the architectural form ; in the Galileearches we have still only the conventional Norman z
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