. The history of the devil and the idea of evil; from the earliest times to the present day . voi) has nothing to do with the name ofthe town of Nazareth {Na^apsS), which was presumably written with a a ( Tsadili)or sharp ts sound. The name Nazareth is nowhere mentioned in its original Ara-maic form, and occurs only in the New Testament whence it made its way into thepatristic literature of later Christianity. Neither must the name Nazarene be con-founded with Nazarite ^ -4 an abstainer, who as a visible sign of his vow let hishair grow, but both words may have been derived from the same root
. The history of the devil and the idea of evil; from the earliest times to the present day . voi) has nothing to do with the name ofthe town of Nazareth {Na^apsS), which was presumably written with a a ( Tsadili)or sharp ts sound. The name Nazareth is nowhere mentioned in its original Ara-maic form, and occurs only in the New Testament whence it made its way into thepatristic literature of later Christianity. Neither must the name Nazarene be con-founded with Nazarite ^ -4 an abstainer, who as a visible sign of his vow let hishair grow, but both words may have been derived from the same root ~A^, the for-mer in the sense of Separatist. The Niphel of the verb means to separateoneself from others; to abstain, to vow, to devote oneself to. THE DAWN OK A NEW ERA. 141 The new world-conception which emphasised thecontrast between body and sonl developed a new moralideal; and the conception of evil underwent the samesubtle changes as the conception of goodness. Since thelower classes began to make their influence felt, it is nat-ural that in the Apocryphal Books of the Old Testament. AsMODi, AN Evil Spirit, Cast Out by Prayer.(After Schnorr von Carolsfeld.) the conception of Satan grew more mythological and atthe same time more dualistic. He developed into an in-dependent demon of evil, and now, perhaps under the in-fluence of Persian views, the adversary of man becamethe adversary of God himself. In the story of Tobit (150 ) an evil spirit calledAsmodi plays an important part. His name which in its 142 THE HISTORY OF THE DEVIL. original form is Aeshma Daeva^ indicates a Persian ori-gin. He tries to prevent Sarahs marriage, because lie isin love with her himself. In the Talmud, Asmodi devel-ops into the demon of lust. Very valuable books among the Apocrj-pha are thebook of Daniel and the two books of Esdras ; but the no-blest thoughts are mixed with Judaistic chauvinism andbitter hatred of the Gentile nations. Esdras anticipates the general eschatology as wellas many
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