. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. iS^FtUCI: ,^. *"* SHO. SPRUCE 45 50 55 60 65 %0F TOTAL SUGARS. FERMENTABLE 14 16 18 20 22 45 50 55 60 65 70 YIELD OF TOTAL SUGARS IN % OF DRY WEIGHT OF WOOD Fig. 9.—Series V and Va, showing variation in yields of total sugar and percentage of total sugars that is fermentable with varying concentrations of sulphuric acid for spruce and shortleaf pine. that the acidity of the solution used for hydrolysis is of minor or no importance, but that the concentration of the catalytic agent ex- pressed in percentage of dry
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. iS^FtUCI: ,^. *"* SHO. SPRUCE 45 50 55 60 65 %0F TOTAL SUGARS. FERMENTABLE 14 16 18 20 22 45 50 55 60 65 70 YIELD OF TOTAL SUGARS IN % OF DRY WEIGHT OF WOOD Fig. 9.—Series V and Va, showing variation in yields of total sugar and percentage of total sugars that is fermentable with varying concentrations of sulphuric acid for spruce and shortleaf pine. that the acidity of the solution used for hydrolysis is of minor or no importance, but that the concentration of the catalytic agent ex- pressed in percentage of dry wood is the decisive factor. As stated previously, Simonsen expressed all of his results in total sugar. When such long cooking periods are used (two hours in his work on variable No. 3—the influence of the amount of water present and of the acid concentration), it is not surprising that he found variable sugar yields with a constant amount of acid and varying amounts of water, or varying " acidities," as he called them. ' The decomposition prod- ucts so obtained would be largely reducing agents, formic and lsevulinic acids, which would show high sugar yields. Practically always, especially in the above work on cellulose, Simonsen used amounts of water which were technically not feasible. Neuman realized the technical importance of decreasing the ratio of water to wood, but carried it no further than 3 to 1—300 per cent of Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States. Dept. of Agriculture. [Washington, D. C. ?] : The Dept. : Supt. of Docs. , G. P. O.
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