The Open court . n II. a royalmandate, dated Valladolid, 1412, was issued, which contained themost oppressive measures that had ever been promulgated againstthe Jews since the time of the later Visigothic kings. Among otherenactments, they were ordered to wear a peculiar dress. In con-sequence of these severe enactments, many joined the church, whowere styled Conversos, or New Christians. The glorious period during which Isabella, the sister of HenryIV,, with her husband, Don Ferdinand of Aragon, governed Cas-tile, brought a complete change over the whole face of the coun- HISTORICAL SKETCH Ot
The Open court . n II. a royalmandate, dated Valladolid, 1412, was issued, which contained themost oppressive measures that had ever been promulgated againstthe Jews since the time of the later Visigothic kings. Among otherenactments, they were ordered to wear a peculiar dress. In con-sequence of these severe enactments, many joined the church, whowere styled Conversos, or New Christians. The glorious period during which Isabella, the sister of HenryIV,, with her husband, Don Ferdinand of Aragon, governed Cas-tile, brought a complete change over the whole face of the coun- HISTORICAL SKETCH Ot THE JEWS. 341 try, and became to the Jews and also to the New Christians thetime of a most striking crisis. But before speaking of this period, let us glance at some ofthe most famous literary men of the Jews during their residence inthat country, before the close of the Middle Ages. We mentionMenahem ben Saruk (d. 970), author of a biblical dictionary;Jehuda ibn Chajug (in Arabic Abulwalid), the chief of Hebrew. Reading in the Succah or Book on the Feast of Tabernacles. grammarians (about 1050) ; Ibn Ganath (d. 1050), the gramma-rian ; Ibn Gabirol (the Avicebron among the schoolmen), philos-opher, grammarian, commentator and poet (d. 1070) ; Ibn Pakudathe moralist (1050-1100); Ibn Giath, cosmographer, astronomer,and philosopher; Ibn Gikatilla, the grammarian (1070-1100); IbnBalaam, commentator and philosopher (d. iioo); Moses ibn Ezra,the hymnist (d. 1139); Jehuda ha-Levi, the philosopher and poet(d. 1141); Abraham ibn Ezra, commentator, philosopher, and 34^ THE OPENfcOURT. poet (d. 1167); Jehuda al-Charizi, the Horace of Jewish poetry inSpain (d. 1230); Benjamin of Tudela, the traveler; Jehuda Tib-bon, the prince of translators (d. 1190); Isaac Alfasi, (d. 1089);Moses Maimonides, the greatest of all mediaeval rabbis (d. 1204);Moses Gerundensis or Nachmanides (d. 1270) ; Abraham Abu-lafia, the cabbalist (d. 1292); Moses ben Shem-Tob de Leon,the author of the Sohar (d. 1305);
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade188, booksubjectreligion, bookyear1887
