Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (April 22, 1870 - January 21, 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, communist politician, Russian statesman and Marxist theoretician. Lenin was the first premier of the Soviet Union. In 1903 he formed the Bolsheviks (radical maj
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (April 22, 1870 - January 21, 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, communist politician, Russian statesman and Marxist theoretician. Lenin was the first premier of the Soviet Union. In 1903 he formed the Bolsheviks (radical majority of the Social Democratic party advocating immediate and forceful seizure of power by the proletariat) and led them in the 1917 October Revolution, which established the Soviet Government. He adopted the New Economic Policy (1921) after the Civil War had led to the virtual collapse of the Russian economy and formed the Comintern in 1919. Lenin was a gifted, charismatic orator and his extensive theoretic and philosophical developments of Marxism produced Marxism-Leninism, the pragmatic Russian application of Marxism. Unlike some Marxists, Lenin stressed bold, revolutionary action and insisted that a strong Communist party would be needed in a Marxist nation to direct the efforts of the workers. Lenin also argued that capitalist nations resort to aggressive imperialist moves as they decline and that Marxist nations must therefore be prepared for war. In May 1922, Lenin suffered a stroke, which left him unable to speak for weeks. By August he resumed limited duties, delivering three long speeches in November. In December 1922, he suffered a second stroke that partly paralyzed his right side. In March 1923, he suffered a third stroke; it ended his career. Lenin was mute and bed-ridden until his death but officially remained the leader of the Communist Party. He died in 1924 at the age of 53.
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