. A history of the United States. ke a river flowingbetween hilly shoreswhich offer a multitudeof places for other rivers, theCumberland and the Ten-nessee, which empty in-to the Ohio near whereit joins the Mississippi,are navigable, the firstto a point many miles above Nashville, the other as far asnorthern Alabama. In Tennessee, near the Kentucky border,they are only twelve miles apart. Railroads were almost as important as rivers. It is truethat raiders could tear up tracks and burn bridges, but trainedworkmen could soon replace both. Railroad junctions wereespecially important.
. A history of the United States. ke a river flowingbetween hilly shoreswhich offer a multitudeof places for other rivers, theCumberland and the Ten-nessee, which empty in-to the Ohio near whereit joins the Mississippi,are navigable, the firstto a point many miles above Nashville, the other as far asnorthern Alabama. In Tennessee, near the Kentucky border,they are only twelve miles apart. Railroads were almost as important as rivers. It is truethat raiders could tear up tracks and burn bridges, but trainedworkmen could soon replace both. Railroad junctions wereespecially important. Manassas Junction was such a place,where the railroad from Washington to Lynchburg was joinedby a railroad from the Shenandoah Valley through ManassasGap. Bowling Green, in Kentucky, was another, situatednear the junction of the Louisville and Nashville and theMemphis and Ohio railroads. Still another was Corinth,Mississippi, where the Memphis and Charleston Railroad,the only through line from the lower Mississippi to the coast,. Scene on the Gateway to the NorthThe Shenandoah River near Harpers Ferry 404 THE BEGINNING OF CIVIL WAR crossed a railroad from Mobile. Chattanooga, in southeast-ern Tennessee, was important because of river, mountainpass, and railroad, for there the Tennessee River breaksthrough the Cumberland Plateau, the eastern wall of theAppalachian barrier. There also important railroads metconnecting the cities on the Mississippiwith Charleston and Richmond. Soldiers North and South. — BothNorth and South had trained officers tocommand at least a part of their men were graduates of West Point,had been in the regular army, and someof them had fought in the Mexican regular army numbered only 16,000men. The chief reUance was upon volun-teers. The Southerners, more accustomedto outdoor life, and the planters to leader-ship, were readily transformed into sol-diers. The Northern volunteers camefresh from farms, factories, shops, anddesks. Many
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