. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation . msof the spine, I found reports of 527bifurcations and sacralizations of thefifth lumbar Iransverse processes. an incidence of the anomalyof approximately per cent. I havedivided the anomalies into four types:the unilateral (Cases A341 1 70,A258472, A293983, and A25811 33 to 36), in which there were2 per cent males and percent females, the bilateral (Cases.•\274736, Al 73574 and A267743,Figs. 37 to 39), in which there per cent males and per centfemales, the fish-tail (Case A35Q845,Fig. 40) i
. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation . msof the spine, I found reports of 527bifurcations and sacralizations of thefifth lumbar Iransverse processes. an incidence of the anomalyof approximately per cent. I havedivided the anomalies into four types:the unilateral (Cases A341 1 70,A258472, A293983, and A25811 33 to 36), in which there were2 per cent males and percent females, the bilateral (Cases.•\274736, Al 73574 and A267743,Figs. 37 to 39), in which there per cent males and per centfemales, the fish-tail (Case A35Q845,Fig. 40) in which there were percent males and 0 per cent females,and the high sacral (Cases A164905and A2 12850, Figs. 41 and 42), inwhich there were per cent malesand per cent females. It is ap-parent that this anomaly occurs in aboutthe same ratio as spina bifida occulta,two in the female to one in the male. I have found a few cases of bifurca-tion of the transverse processes other 362 DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE SPLNE—SUTHERLAND. than those of the fifth lumbar, witharticulation of two processes throughthe bifurcation (Case A297087, ). The study of the symptoms in thisseries of cases was difficult, since inthe majority the anomaly was co-exis-tent with other pathologic conditionscapable of causing about the same kindof pain that might be expected fromthe anomalies. The characteristicsymptom seems to be dull, aching pamlow in the lumbar region, increased inseverity by certam movements, and painin the hips and legs. Only a small per-centage of the series presented definiteevidence of symptoms referable to thedefect. In the literature may be found oc-casional reports of benefit derived fromoperation; but the opinion of most in-vestigators seems to be for conservatismin the surgical 1. Defects in the upper spine arerare. 2. Defects in the last lumbar andthe sacra! vertebrae are frequent. 3. In a large majority of casesthese defects are clm
Size: 2987px × 836px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthoramerican, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookyear1920
