. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 528 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Contribution from the Office of Farm Management. W. J. SPILLMAN, Washington, D. C. April 13, 1917 SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FARM LABOR IN CHESTER COUNTY, PA. By George A. Billings, Agriculturist. CONTENTS. Part I—Chester County (Pa.) data: Territory surveyed and method used Labor efficiency as affected by soil, topo- graphy, and field arrangement Types of farming Available time for field operations Period of performing field operations Succession of operations Crews and m
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 528 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Contribution from the Office of Farm Management. W. J. SPILLMAN, Washington, D. C. April 13, 1917 SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FARM LABOR IN CHESTER COUNTY, PA. By George A. Billings, Agriculturist. CONTENTS. Part I—Chester County (Pa.) data: Territory surveyed and method used Labor efficiency as affected by soil, topo- graphy, and field arrangement Types of farming Available time for field operations Period of performing field operations Succession of operations Crews and machinery Summary of labor requirements of crops. Page. Part II—How to use the foregoing data: Page. Description of farm selected 20 Determining labor requirements of old system 22 Replanning cropping system 25 Comparative labor requirements 28 Comparative returns 28 Conclusion 29 PART I.—CHESTER COUNTY (PA) DATA. The purpose of this bulletin is (1) to set forth the actual labor distribution that prevails on farms profitably conducted in a par- ticularly successful farming community, and (2) to show how these data may be applied profitably in replanning a farm of the type covered in the survey upon which this study is based. It often happens that when a farmer undertakes to put into opera- tion a new system he encounters grave and unforeseen difficulties through the conflict of the labor and equipment demands of his different enterprises, Even more frequently it happens that long existing farming systems chronically suffer in their operations through the strenuous labor demands of certain seasons and through the enforced idleness of others. When an abundance of day labor, both man and horse, is easily and continually available, the problem is never a serious one. There is, however, a great advantage in being able to employ labor by the season or by the year, and it is practically necessary to keep on the farm horses and equipment adequate to , 77590°—Bull. 528—17 1. P
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