In an open castration, the tunic, the tough membranous covering of the testicle and associated structures, is incised.

---

Size: 4182px × 2788px
Photo credit: © TGPhoto / Alamy / Afripics
License: Royalty Free
Model Released: No

Keywords: anatomy, arterial, canine, castration, cord, cremaster, deferens, dog, incision, ligations, muscle, neuter, neutering, open, pampiniform, plexus, procedure, scrotum, spermatic, supply, surgery, surgical, testicles, tunic, vas