. The botany of crop plants : a text and reference book. Botany, Economic. 98 BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS In the milk-ripe or green-ripe stage, the embryo is already fully developed. The grain changes from pale green to dark green in color, which change Nowacki explains as being due to the resorption of several layers of the ovary wall, through which the chlorophyll layer now shows. The endosperm cells are filled with a watery sap in which are suspended a number of starch grains; hence, when the grain is squeezed a white, milky juice comes out. In the yellow-ripe, gold-ripe, or "dough" sta
. The botany of crop plants : a text and reference book. Botany, Economic. 98 BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS In the milk-ripe or green-ripe stage, the embryo is already fully developed. The grain changes from pale green to dark green in color, which change Nowacki explains as being due to the resorption of several layers of the ovary wall, through which the chlorophyll layer now shows. The endosperm cells are filled with a watery sap in which are suspended a number of starch grains; hence, when the grain is squeezed a white, milky juice comes out. In the yellow-ripe, gold-ripe, or "dough" stage, the cells of the ovary wall become thicker. The lumina of inner in- tegument cells decrease in size, due to an increase in the thickness of their walls. The color of the grain changes from green to yellow, and the endosperm becomes tough and waxy. The full-ripe stage follows close upon the preceding. As a result of water loss, the different cell layers become dis- torted. The grain becomes harder and firmer. Grain is usually harvested while in this stage. If the crop is now left in the field, the grain becomes brittle; it is then said to be in the dead-ripe stage. Nowacki gives the following analyses of grains of wheat at different stages of development: Water content of grain Dry substance in 100 grains, grams. Milk-ripe (a) July 9 Milk-ripe (6) July 13 Yellow-ripe Full-ripe The maturity of the grain appears to affect its vitality. Kedzie has shown that wheat collected in the dough stage. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Robbins, Wilfred William, 1884-1952. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston's Son
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