Local and regional anesthesia; with chapters on spinal, epidural, paravertebral, and parasacral analgesia, and other applications of local and regional anesthesia to the surgery of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and to dental practice . low down as the hip. - In the intercostal spaces these nerves liejust below the arteries, near the lower border of the ribs, about themiddle of their course, near the anterior axillary line; each gives off alateral cutaneous branch, which pierces the muscles to the subcuta-neous tissues and divides into anterior and posterior branches, theanterior branch runnin
Local and regional anesthesia; with chapters on spinal, epidural, paravertebral, and parasacral analgesia, and other applications of local and regional anesthesia to the surgery of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and to dental practice . low down as the hip. - In the intercostal spaces these nerves liejust below the arteries, near the lower border of the ribs, about themiddle of their course, near the anterior axillary line; each gives off alateral cutaneous branch, which pierces the muscles to the subcuta-neous tissues and divides into anterior and posterior branches, theanterior branch running forward as far as the sternum, the posterior 302 THE THOR.^X AND BACK 303 coursing backward in the skin of this region (Fig. 67). In the inter-costal spaces the nerves He first between the pleura and internal deep cervical arteryright vaguscoslo-cervical trunk trachia left recurrent nerve . Irft vnvus n supreme inlercatal arteoright recurrent ascending aarta x .left subclavian artery nternut mammary artery Xbronchial arteriesrecurrent nerve pulmonary branchesof left vagus nerve \^>V ^iSi f bronchuix y.^§Kmm. oesophageal art tTI jAJwj oesophageal chordsV -^,. ^k^- „f If J, ,,„^„j nerve X iopliagus right bronchus >. intercostal nerve Xtl , lesser splanchnic nerve great splanch- nic nerve ascending lumbar vein coeliac artery xbdominal superior mesenteric art. X Fig. 67.—The lar^je vascular and nervous trunks of the posterior thoracic wall asviewed from in front and somewhat from the right. * = Location of twelfth rib.** = Communication between azygos and hemi- azygos veins. (Sobotta and McMurrich.) intercostal muscle, then between the two intercostals to near themiddle of the ribs, when they continue their course between the 304 LOCAL ANESTHESIA fibers of the internal intercostal muscle. In the anterior half ofthis course the nerves lie well under the overlapping lip of the riband often have to be hooked out to be brought into view, in theposterior half of this co
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