. Practical botany. Botany. POLLINATION AND FEK'TILIZATION 119 the social relations between plants and other injurious or help- ful plants and animals.^ The ecology of floivers is largely concerned with the ways in which pollination is brought about.^ This subject is of suffi- cient importance to have accumulated an extensive literature, the principal treatise upon it being Knuth's "' Bliithenbiologie," em- bracing nearly three thousand pages. There is also an excellent English translation of this remarkable book.^ 111. Pollination and floral characteristics. Some of the most obvious
. Practical botany. Botany. POLLINATION AND FEK'TILIZATION 119 the social relations between plants and other injurious or help- ful plants and animals.^ The ecology of floivers is largely concerned with the ways in which pollination is brought about.^ This subject is of suffi- cient importance to have accumulated an extensive literature, the principal treatise upon it being Knuth's "' Bliithenbiologie," em- bracing nearly three thousand pages. There is also an excellent English translation of this remarkable book.^ 111. Pollination and floral characteristics. Some of the most obvious divisions of flowers into everyday groups, such as are made by children and other unscientific people, are those into scented and scentless, showy and inconspicuous kinds. Another less obvious but important distinction is based on the presence or absence of the sweet liquid (com- monly called honey, but more properly known as nectar) so familiar at the tips of colum- bine spurs and in clover and honeysuckle blossoms. Such characteristics as those just mentioned have much to do with the way in which flowers have their pollen transferred from anthers to stigma. Flowers with feathery stigmas (Fig. 110) and dry, dust-like pollen are usually polli- nated by the wind. Flowers with stigmas which, before they wither, curve so as to bring the anthers into contact with the stigma (Fig. Ill) are usually self-pollinated. 1 A great deal of what was said about the behavior of roots, steins, and leaves in Chapters III-VI is to be classed as plant ecology, though it was not given a separate name in those chapters. 2 See Kerner-Oliver, Natural History of Plants, Vol. II. Henry Holt and Company, New York. 8 Knuth-Davis, Handbook of Flower Pollination. Clarendon Press, Fio. 110. Pistil of timothy with feath- ery stigmas sti, stigmas. Mag- nified about twenty times. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability
Size: 845px × 2958px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisher, booksubjectbotany
