. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. FIG. 14. Morphology of nymph: ventral view of idiosoma Nilotonia emarginata (Fig. from slide IND '96/191 ny). Nymphs differ from aduks mainly in the provisory genital field (pGF). It is, in the nym- phal stage, equipped with a lesser number of aceta- bula and no gonopore is found (for abbreviations see text). the gnathosoma, have both tactile and raptorial functions. In the plesiomorphic condition, the palps have five movable segments (P1-P5), namely trochan- ter, femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, which are essentially cylindrical and articulate to allo
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. FIG. 14. Morphology of nymph: ventral view of idiosoma Nilotonia emarginata (Fig. from slide IND '96/191 ny). Nymphs differ from aduks mainly in the provisory genital field (pGF). It is, in the nym- phal stage, equipped with a lesser number of aceta- bula and no gonopore is found (for abbreviations see text). the gnathosoma, have both tactile and raptorial functions. In the plesiomorphic condition, the palps have five movable segments (P1-P5), namely trochan- ter, femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, which are essentially cylindrical and articulate to allow ventral flexion. The tibia (P4) bears a thick, blade-like, dorsal seta distally in many ancient groups (, Hydryphantinae, Tar- tarothyadinae, Pseudohydryphantinae). As in the larva, this seta is the homolog of the tibial "claw" of terres- trial relatives and it often makes the palps appear che- late. In derivate groups, other setae, along with va- rious denticles and tubercles, may be elaborated to en- hance the raptorial function of the palps. Segmenta- tion of the palps is reduced by fusion in a few groups. The so-called "uncate" condition is a modification that has developed independently in various taxa of derivate Hygrobatoidea (), , in Arrenuridae. In these groups, the tibia is expanded and protruded ven- trally to oppose the tarsus, permitting the mites to se- curely grasp and hold slender appendages of prey or- ganisms (Smith & Cook 1991). In the Anisitsiellidae- Limnesiidae complex two very different kinds of pal- pal shape are found. They are called "anisitsiellid-like" and "mamersopsid-like" palps, as they were once used for distinguishing the families Anisitsiellidae and Mamersopsidae. With the discovery of new species, however, it has become clear that both shapes may appear even in closely related species of a single genus (, Bandakid). The paired chelicerae lie in longitudinal grooves between the palps
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