. Cross tie forms and rail fastenings with special reference to treated timbers . im- partially removed. In rare instances screws are put in with a machinesimilar to the one shown in 47. used principally for putting in dowels. Where longstretches of track are laid,such machines are very use-ful, but ordinarily for simplemaintenance work the key isused, as shown in fig. 42. Ina subsequent paragraph ahand machine for putting- inthese spikes is described infull. The relation of thescrews to t lie rail is shown intig. 45, which represents a sec-tion of the rail, a wooden tie-plate, and a tie as us
. Cross tie forms and rail fastenings with special reference to treated timbers . im- partially removed. In rare instances screws are put in with a machinesimilar to the one shown in 47. used principally for putting in dowels. Where longstretches of track are laid,such machines are very use-ful, but ordinarily for simplemaintenance work the key isused, as shown in fig. 42. Ina subsequent paragraph ahand machine for putting- inthese spikes is described infull. The relation of thescrews to t lie rail is shown intig. 45, which represents a sec-tion of the rail, a wooden tie-plate, and a tie as used onthe French Eastern Railway. MAINTETS \\<K. Fig. 45.—Section of rail and tie on the French Eastern . .-, ., Railway. After the screw-spikes are once put in little work isrequired t keep them in proper condition. The \vo:>d is compressedby the threads a- the screw enters, and the pressure of the core uponthis highly compressed wood op-. I c re- poses a resistance to the loosen-ing of the spike. How spikes have been in positionfor a few w eeks they have to hetightened. This is not becausethe screws have loosened, butbecause the ties, tie-plates, andrails have settled so as to comecloser touethcr because of thepressure of moving the screws have beentightened they remain so forlong periods of time. Once ayear the section crew goes overthe track with great care, test-ing and tightening each screw,and. if any of the screws nolonger hold, they are taken hole is then tilled with aplug, a new hole is made in theplug, into which tar oil is poured, and the screw is replaced. Thewearing out of threads of the screw does not occur very often. Key used on European railways to turnscrew-spikes iut positi »n. PULLING STRENGTH OF COMMON AND SCREW SPIKES. 53 It is impossible at this time to give any exact and trustworthyinformation as to the relative cost of maintenance of tracks equippedwit
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectwoodpre, bookyear1904
