. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. A loss of $5 to $20 per thousand feet of timber is a conservative esti- mate. This defect is classed as " wormholes, no living worms or de- cay.'' and can not be pre- vented in the tree, but of course similar defects in the green stock can be ]> re vented by proper handling. Pinholes one twenty- fifth to one-eighth of an inch in diameter in both heartwood and sapwood of hardwoods and soft- woods (figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 11) are caused by similar The defects caused by these pi
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. A loss of $5 to $20 per thousand feet of timber is a conservative esti- mate. This defect is classed as " wormholes, no living worms or de- cay.'' and can not be pre- vented in the tree, but of course similar defects in the green stock can be ]> re vented by proper handling. Pinholes one twenty- fifth to one-eighth of an inch in diameter in both heartwood and sapwood of hardwoods and soft- woods (figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 11) are caused by similar The defects caused by these pinholes and stains (discolored streaks and patches) (figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 13) reduce the grade of timber and its full strength, unfitting it for structural timber, wagons, agricultural implements, tight cooper- age, and shingles. A 25 per cent loss of elm cooperage stock in logs at the mills in Illinois Mas due to such defects. In si line eases millions of feet of timber have been reduced 10 to 25 per cent or more in value by pinhole de- fects. In deadened standing cypress in the Gulf States, pin- hole injury can be prevented by gir- dling the tics in March, April. Oc- tober, and Novem- ber (88), but from August to Septem- ber is a p pa rent 1 v Fig. 14. Pinhole damage by ambrosia beetles [Xylebonu the in-t effective grenadenaia) to Hum wood (Rakuda) Imported from Cen- tral America seaxm. Fig. 13.—Pinholes caused by borus sp.) in imported rodioei) unibrosia beetles (Xyle- greenheart ( \ < ctandra. 8 Platypus, Monarthrum, Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States. Dept. of Agriculture. [Washington, D. C. ?] : The Dept. : Supt. of Docs. , G. P. O.
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