. The Bell System technical journal . inciples from which have developed the transitor and other de-vices. This paper surveys certain new art principles, techniques and devicesas they apply to the design of new telephone switching systems. Over the past forty years a great background and fund of knowledgehas developed in the field of telephone switching. Constant improvementin available devices has resulted in increasing the scope of their appli-cation. The field has almost reached a point of perfection as an art andis now rapidly entering a more scientific era. The tools of the present day te


. The Bell System technical journal . inciples from which have developed the transitor and other de-vices. This paper surveys certain new art principles, techniques and devicesas they apply to the design of new telephone switching systems. Over the past forty years a great background and fund of knowledgehas developed in the field of telephone switching. Constant improvementin available devices has resulted in increasing the scope of their appli-cation. The field has almost reached a point of perfection as an art andis now rapidly entering a more scientific era. The tools of the present day telephone system design engineer arewell known and some are illustrated in Figure 1. These are the relayand the various forms of electromechanical switching apparatus. Butover the years, while the art employing these tools was developing,the field of electronics has also been developing. Its applications weremost needed when dealing with its characteristics of sensitivity rather 991 992 THE BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL, SEPTEMBER 1956. ^i^ *t^s^<iS ^ </g^pi^


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjecttechnology, bookyear1