. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. CHAPTER LXXVIII SOCIAL LIFE OF ORGANISMS 457. Self-sufficient individuals. Among the lowest forms of plants and animals each individual is quite independent of its neighbors, as we may see in the case of the ameba, the Para- mecium, the green slime, the various bacteria, and so Fig. 227. Diagram of sponge structure A sponge is a colony of cells arranged about hollow spaces, a, which are connected with the surrounding water by means of hollow channels, l>, carrying currents inward, and by means of other channels, c,
. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. CHAPTER LXXVIII SOCIAL LIFE OF ORGANISMS 457. Self-sufficient individuals. Among the lowest forms of plants and animals each individual is quite independent of its neighbors, as we may see in the case of the ameba, the Para- mecium, the green slime, the various bacteria, and so Fig. 227. Diagram of sponge structure A sponge is a colony of cells arranged about hollow spaces, a, which are connected with the surrounding water by means of hollow channels, l>, carrying currents inward, and by means of other channels, c, carrying currents outward through larger tubes, or " sewers," d. The currents are produced by the constant vibration of cilia projecting into the spaces, and they bring to the cells fresh supplies of food and oxygen, and carry away waste Among many of the algae the cells generally remain attached to form long filaments, but there is apparently no physiological connection, and a break in the filament does not affect the activities of the severed portions. Among the more complex algae, such as the bladder wracks, detached portions may continue to grow, since each portion de- pends upon materials absorbed from its immediate surroundings 430. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Gruenberg, Benjamin C. (Benjamin Charles), 1875-1965. Boston New York [etc. ] Ginn and company
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