. Factory and industrial management. ai has an area ofabout 400,000 square versts, (about 175,000square miles), with a population of only460,000, mainly Kirghis, occupied in agri-culture and grazing, there being also asmall proportion of Bashkirs and wander-ing Russians. At present, apart from ag-ricultural products, the principal productionof the province is rock salt, of which exten-sive deposits exist in the Ilzek are undoubted mineral deposits ofvalue, including silver-lead, copper, andcoal, and probably gold, awaiting develop-ment. The province of Syr-Darja has anarea of 43
. Factory and industrial management. ai has an area ofabout 400,000 square versts, (about 175,000square miles), with a population of only460,000, mainly Kirghis, occupied in agri-culture and grazing, there being also asmall proportion of Bashkirs and wander-ing Russians. At present, apart from ag-ricultural products, the principal productionof the province is rock salt, of which exten-sive deposits exist in the Ilzek are undoubted mineral deposits ofvalue, including silver-lead, copper, andcoal, and probably gold, awaiting develop-ment. The province of Syr-Darja has anarea of 434,444 square versts, (about 190,-000 square miles) with a population ofabout 1,500,000, and is more extensivelycultivated than Turgai. Certain industriesare also well developed, including the pro-duction of wine, silk, and tobacco, especi-ally in the vicinity of Tashkent. The greatest industrial importance of therailway to Russia, however, is the openingup of the cotton-growing district of Rus-sian Turkestan. Formerly the cotton was. RUSSO-ASIATIC RAILW^AY CONNECTIONS. packed by hand, and transported on camelsby caravan to its destination. At presentcompressing machinery has been introducedand the railway will permit the cotton to besent direct by rail to Moscow and Lodz. While the opening up of these extensiveregions to commercial communication withEuropean Russia is of vast importance, thevalue of the railway from a military pointof view is great. A glance at the mapshows more forcibly than words the rela-tion which the development of railwaysbears to the policy of nations in the prepa-ration for future control. The Trans-Caspian-lailway, reaching eastward fromKrasnowodsk, spreads out its arms toKuschk, right on the frontier of Afghanis-tan, and to the edge of the plateau ofPamir, the roof of the world. At thesame time the lines extending up from In-dia to Peshawar, and also up to Kandahar,show how Afghanistan is enclosed betweenRussia and England as in a vise. The con-nectio
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