Travels in various countries of Europe, Asia and Africa . thesap and juices of the fir, while the wood itself, becomingcharred, is converted into charcoal. The most curiouspart of the story is, that this simple method of extractingtar is precisely that which is described by Theophrastusand Dioscorides; and there is not the smallest differencebetween a tar-work in the forests of Westro-Bothnia andthose of Antient Greece. The Greeks made stacks of pine;and having covered them with turf, they were suffered to burn (1) REFERENCES TO THE ANNEXED PLATE. No. 1. Conical aperture in the earth, to recei
Travels in various countries of Europe, Asia and Africa . thesap and juices of the fir, while the wood itself, becomingcharred, is converted into charcoal. The most curiouspart of the story is, that this simple method of extractingtar is precisely that which is described by Theophrastusand Dioscorides; and there is not the smallest differencebetween a tar-work in the forests of Westro-Bothnia andthose of Antient Greece. The Greeks made stacks of pine;and having covered them with turf, they were suffered to burn (1) REFERENCES TO THE ANNEXED PLATE. No. 1. Conical aperture in the earth, to receive the timber. 2. Rampart of timber placed against the orifice from which the tar flows, andbehind which is a channel leading to the bottom of the conical aperture orfurnace. 3. Vessel of cast iron, placed at the bottom of the conical aperture or furnacewhich receives and carries off the tar as it falls. 4. Form in which the timber is placed in the cone or furnace. 5, & 6. Instruments for beating and pressing the surface of the furnace, when TO TOItNEA. 2<ro burn in the same smothered manner; while the tar, melting, to the bottom of the stack, and ran out by a smallchannel cut for the purpose. After leaving the tar-work, we passed through Parsnasand Rosvic; inlets of the Gulph being frequently in the two last places, we crossed the mouth of ariver which rises in Westro-Bothnia, in a small lake calledDeger Trask. As we drew near to Rosvick, we found, inthe forests, that beautiful plant which bears the name ofLinnceus, an d which the Sivedish Government granted tohim as a crest for his coat of arms. We had seen it sorepresented upon the seals of his letters to Dr. NcezSn ofUmea. This plant, the Linncea Borealis*, is very common in tmmra _ lioreulu. Westro-Bothnia, and in almost all the great northern forests ;but it may be easily overlooked, because it grows onlywhere the woods are thickest; and its delicate twin blossomsare almost hid amon
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