. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 193 Bacterial partnerships and antagonisms. Bacteria often form dense colonies of individuals developing in gelatinous masses. These bacteria may all be of one kind, but frequently are different, and may then live in a partnership apparently ben- eficial to each other. It is evident that such forms do not com- pete with each other for food stuffs. Bacteria may also form partnerships with other organisms as with yeast plants. In such cases the waste products in the nutritive processes of one may be food for the other plant an
. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 193 Bacterial partnerships and antagonisms. Bacteria often form dense colonies of individuals developing in gelatinous masses. These bacteria may all be of one kind, but frequently are different, and may then live in a partnership apparently ben- eficial to each other. It is evident that such forms do not com- pete with each other for food stuffs. Bacteria may also form partnerships with other organisms as with yeast plants. In such cases the waste products in the nutritive processes of one may be food for the other plant and thus a beneficial partnership is established. Such is the association of bacteria and yeast in the Enghsh ginger beer "plant" and in the production of other drinks as the Asiatic kephir. Such a partnership is also ex- plained in the fact that organisms of this kind often form waste products which, if allowed to accumulate, may prove detri- mental to the organism producing them. This is a common method by which bacterial growth is limited. These com- pounds are in the case of bacteria often poisonous and form the toxins which in disease germs are the poisoning agents of the disease. The accompanying organism of a partnership may tise up and remove these detrimental substances and thus allow the first partner unhindered development. Antagonism of bac- teria in colonies may result from competition for food materials or from the production of substances by one, which are poison- ous to the other organism. Disease-causing bacteria. One of the most useful classifications of bac- teria is the arrangement of forms ac- cording to their prominent physio- logical effects. In such an arrange- ment the disease-causing or patho- logic forms are of great economic im- portance. These are the forms which give rise to most of the well-known diseases of man and lower animals. 87-Ba^iT^f fire-blight o£ Cholcra, tubcrculosis, diphtheria and Sriwy' typhoid are but a few
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