. Eastern forest insects. Forest insects. dots of light green, and each segment bears a transverse row of branched spines. The mourning-cloak butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa (L.), is a widespread species, occuring throughout the subarctic regions of North America. The larvae, commonly known as spiny-elm cater- pillars, feed on elm, willow, poplar, and hackberry, and are some- times abundant locally, especially on shade and ornamental trees and along fence rows. Adults are black-bodied and have wing- spreads of 60 to 80 mm. The upper wing surface is dark red- dish-brown except for a broad, creamy-
. Eastern forest insects. Forest insects. dots of light green, and each segment bears a transverse row of branched spines. The mourning-cloak butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa (L.), is a widespread species, occuring throughout the subarctic regions of North America. The larvae, commonly known as spiny-elm cater- pillars, feed on elm, willow, poplar, and hackberry, and are some- times abundant locally, especially on shade and ornamental trees and along fence rows. Adults are black-bodied and have wing- spreads of 60 to 80 mm. The upper wing surface is dark red- dish-brown except for a broad, creamy-yellow border, which contains a row of blue spots. Full-grown caterpillars (fig. 105) are black, with a scattering of white dots and a red dot on the dorsum of abdominal segments one to seven. The head is covered with tubercles; the body with many large, branched spines. COURTESY CONN. AGR. EXPT. STA. Figure 105.—Larvae of the mourning-cloak butterfly. Nymphalis Winter is spent in the adult stage, and the adults appear in early spring. Eggs are deposited in clusters around small twigs. The larvae feed gregariously until almost full grown and usually defoliate one branch before moving to another. Chrysalids are formed in June or early July. Adults soon appear and lay the eggs for a second brood. Larvae of this generation are present until September. Then they pupate and the adults emerge to hi- bernate. There are one or two generations per year, depending on location. The mourning-cloak butterfly is of minor importance in the forest, but is sometimes injurious to shade and ornamental trees. Infestations can be controlled by cutting and burning infested twigs and small branches. The viceroy, Limenitis (=Basilarchia) archippus (Cramer), occurs over most of the United States and feeds on poplar, willow, and plum. The adult resembles the well-known monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (L.), but differs by being slightly smaller, hav- ing a narrow black line across the hin
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodive, booksubjectforestinsects
