. History of Rome and of the Roman people, from its origin to the Invasion of the Barbarians;. THE FOUNDATION Of THE EMPIRE. much, for the reason that there was much in the way ofindustrial and agricultural products to transport. Industry andagriculture, therefore, were flourishing. This laborious activityrequired many hands, both of slaves and freemen. To the latter,labor brought a competency, to the former, it brought liberty ;and this extensive commerce l)ecame a cause of emancipation,changing the economic conditions of ancient society. In therural districts there came into existence the cl
. History of Rome and of the Roman people, from its origin to the Invasion of the Barbarians;. THE FOUNDATION Of THE EMPIRE. much, for the reason that there was much in the way ofindustrial and agricultural products to transport. Industry andagriculture, therefore, were flourishing. This laborious activityrequired many hands, both of slaves and freemen. To the latter,labor brought a competency, to the former, it brought liberty ;and this extensive commerce l)ecame a cause of emancipation,changing the economic conditions of ancient society. In therural districts there came into existence the class of coloni, mid-way between freedom and slavery ; in the cities, that of smallmanufacturers, who, for protection, presently associated themselvesinto guilds and corporations. Thus began a social evolution whoseresults were inherited by the Middle Ages. ^ Account books (Jireviaria rationuiu) \ day-books {fliurni); a bag of money; a casket(scrinium or capsula) full of rolls, each ticketed ; and coins, or rather counters, to use incalculating (Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi, toI. v. pi. 36).. OBJECTS USED BY MEECHAJJTS.^ CHAPTER OF THE PEONTIEES. I. — The Frontier of the East and South. ABOUT the year 19 b. c, the period when Augustus visitedthe East for the last time, the work of organizing theimperial government, as he had conceived it, was six years the temple of Janus had been closed, and theminds of men were as quiet as were the provinces. Caepio andMurena, who had dared to conspire against so great a prosperity,had found no accomplices. Industry resumed possession of thisworld whence it had been expelled ; and, by an exception rarein the history of nations, universal gratitude saluted as a savingdivinity the author of all these benefits. Augustus, however, had accomplished as yet but half his remained to secure, by statesmanship or by arms, frontiers sosolid that this great work of pacification should not be interruptedby ill-timed
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