. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN LAKE ERIE VALLEY. 57 emerged. The host had been confined indoors during the winter, thus bringing out the hymenopterous parasite on February 2. It is probable that the root-worm eggs were first parasitized by the dip- terous insect and that later the eggs along the margin of the cluster were parasitized a second time by Lath- romeris fidix. The dipterous and the hymenopterous insects are undoubtedly both primary parasites.^. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN THE LAKE ERIE VALLEY. Fig. 27.—Lathromeris
. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN LAKE ERIE VALLEY. 57 emerged. The host had been confined indoors during the winter, thus bringing out the hymenopterous parasite on February 2. It is probable that the root-worm eggs were first parasitized by the dip- terous insect and that later the eggs along the margin of the cluster were parasitized a second time by Lath- romeris fidix. The dipterous and the hymenopterous insects are undoubtedly both primary parasites.^. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN THE LAKE ERIE VALLEY. Fig. 27.—Lathromeris fldix, an egg-para- Bef ore entering upon a discussion of site of the grape root-worm: Antenna methods of control undertaken against ^^.'^J,^^' ^ery greatly enlarged. the grape root-worm during this inves- tigation it may be well to consider some of the changes which have occurred in vineyard conditions throughout the Lake Erie valley since the advent of this pest. In 1900, when the grape root-worm first appeared in injurious numbers in the Lake Erie valley, the grape industry was just emerging from a period of depression which had caused, for several years pre- vious, an almost complete cessation in planting of new vineyards. The period of low prices had resulted in indifferent care, amounting in some cases to positive neglect, thus creating a condition very favorable to the increase of this pest. Furthermore, the fact that practically all vineyards had been for several years in bearing and had a well established root system permitted the insect to become thoroughly disseminated through them before the unsuspecting owners were aware of its presence in numbers sufficient to affect the vigor of their vines. The tendency of most vineyardists at that time was to pull out declining vineyards rather than to go to the expense of fighting insect foes. Thus it happened that a com- bination of circumstances conspired to favor a general spread of the insect without creating widespread
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