. The age of Hildebrand. ouls,and are therefore subject to its penalties. Gregory |/excommunicated Henry not merely as a Christian 1 Langen liolds that in this utterance the deposition and not merelythe suspension of the King is proclaimed. So Giesebrecht, Geschichteder deutschen Kaiserzeit. The opposite view is held by Martens inDoves Zeitschrift f. Kirchenrecht (1882). Mirbt exhaustivelydiscusses the question in his careful monograph, Die AbsetzungHeinrichs IV. durch Gregor VII. in der Tublicistik jener Zeit(Leipzig, 1890). Langens view appears to be justified by Gregorysown words at the syn


. The age of Hildebrand. ouls,and are therefore subject to its penalties. Gregory |/excommunicated Henry not merely as a Christian 1 Langen liolds that in this utterance the deposition and not merelythe suspension of the King is proclaimed. So Giesebrecht, Geschichteder deutschen Kaiserzeit. The opposite view is held by Martens inDoves Zeitschrift f. Kirchenrecht (1882). Mirbt exhaustivelydiscusses the question in his careful monograph, Die AbsetzungHeinrichs IV. durch Gregor VII. in der Tublicistik jener Zeit(Leipzig, 1890). Langens view appears to be justified by Gregorysown words at the synod of February 11, 1079. The majority ofauthorities recognize no ditlerence between this declaration and thatof March 7, io8o. Right to Dethrone Kings Claimed, 89 prelate, but as king of kings. He was not satisfiedwith the ecclesiastical punishment of excommunica-tion, but claimed dethronement as his special prerog-ative. Dethronement was not to be regarded as aconsequence of excommunication, but as a CHAPTER IX. CANOSA—RUDOLPH OF SUABIA—GREGORY ANDWILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. LL previous papal bans were feeble incomparison with this thunderbolt. Withall the popular recognition of the Popespower of blessing and cursing, the audac-ity of this proclamation, depriving of hiscrown the head of an empire and releasing his sub-jects from their allegiance, filled European Christen-dom with amazement, if not with terror, Gregory followed up the ban of Henry with thedeposition of the Bishop of Worms and the excom-munication of those who took part in the synod atPiacenza. The sentence of Henry was published inan encyclical addressed to all who desire to belongto the sheep of St. Peter. Unable to foresee theconsequences of his act, Gregory hastened to makeovertures to Robert Guiscard. Meanwhile a reactionhad begun in Germany, and recantations began toflow in from the subscribers of the Worms Lombard bishops were less pliable, and at theinstigation of Guibert t


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