. North Dakota history and people; outlines of American history. nkets and other goodswere not then equal to those imported, and could not be sold to the Indians incompetition with English goods. The private trader usually spoke the Indianlanguage, was personally acquainted with the Indians and had an interest insecuring trade and in the profits resulting therefrom, but the Government traderwas a salaried person, had nothing to gain by making sales and nothing to loseif he failed. The system was abandoned in 1822, largely through the persistentefTorts of United States Senator Thomas H. Benton
. North Dakota history and people; outlines of American history. nkets and other goodswere not then equal to those imported, and could not be sold to the Indians incompetition with English goods. The private trader usually spoke the Indianlanguage, was personally acquainted with the Indians and had an interest insecuring trade and in the profits resulting therefrom, but the Government traderwas a salaried person, had nothing to gain by making sales and nothing to loseif he failed. The system was abandoned in 1822, largely through the persistentefTorts of United States Senator Thomas H. Benton of Missouri, who led theassaults upon it in the interests of the American Fur Company, having its west-ern headquarters at St. Louis. THE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY The American Fur Company was organized under a charter granted by theState of New York, approved April 6, 1808. John Jacob Astor was the com-pany. Auxiliary companies were organized for special purposes and specialplaces, and called by various names, Astor retaining a controlling interest in o B cr O oto. HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA 91 each, and merging the business of each with that of the American Company, forwhicli he sought the markets of the world. The Pacific Fur Company, organized June lo, 1810, was one of these specialorganizations. A part of the company was sent by sea to the mouth of theColumbia River on the Pacific coast, and other members went overland, leav-ing the Arikara villages on the Missouri River June 12, 1811, reaching Astoriathe following January. In 1816 Congress passed an act, excluding foreignersfrom the fur trade in the territory of the United States, excepting in subordinatecapacities under American management. This was brought about, in part, bythe activity of the traders during the War of 1812, on behalf of Great Britain,but due largely to the influence of Mr. Astor. This gave him the opportunityto take up the interests of the North-West Company in the United States, whichhe consolidated with the
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