. A treatise on mental diseases. h curves more nearly approaching the normal. 7, High-arched palate with flat roof. 8, Transverse curves of a flat palate in which the outlines are almost symmetrical. 9, Flat palate with somewhat irregular curves. STIGMATA OF DEGENERATION 513 teeth, but this soon vanishes into a nearly straight line running asfar as the velum palati. Departures from this primary form take place principally intwo ways : The arch is either unnaturally low, or becomes abnor-mally high and vaulted. An infinite number of variations are met with between thesetwo types. Perfectly flat
. A treatise on mental diseases. h curves more nearly approaching the normal. 7, High-arched palate with flat roof. 8, Transverse curves of a flat palate in which the outlines are almost symmetrical. 9, Flat palate with somewhat irregular curves. STIGMATA OF DEGENERATION 513 teeth, but this soon vanishes into a nearly straight line running asfar as the velum palati. Departures from this primary form take place principally intwo ways : The arch is either unnaturally low, or becomes abnor-mally high and vaulted. An infinite number of variations are met with between thesetwo types. Perfectly flat palates, normally vaulted palates witha V-shaped incision in the line of the central suture, or palatesabnormally small in all diameters; others having the central sutureridged and prominent, and still others with little bony elevations,rounded in appearance, situated along the line of the suture, bothforms representing varieties of the so-called torus palatinus, maybe enumerated as among the most frequent of the Fio. 5fi.—Outline Curves of Normal and Abnormal Palates in Longitudinal Sec-tion. 1, Longitudinal outline curve of a normal palate. The dotted lines representthe uvula. 2, Longitudinal curves of a high-arched palate. 3, Longitudinal outline ofa flat palate. The torus has lately attracted a good deal of attention in Ger-many and Italy. Ferrari investigated 1,121 skulls of insane per-sons and found it present in 52 per cent. Nacke found it in cent of insane women. It is now and then observed in men-tally sound individuals, but not with the same frequency as in thealienated. Palatal deformities have no relation to cranial types,being equally frequent in brachycephalic as in dolichocephalicskulls. It is doubtful whether cleft palate should be enumeratedamong the unequivocal signs of corporeal degeneracy, having been 5ii A TREATISE ON MENTAL DISEASES found only once in personal examinations of 300 idiots and low-grade imbeciles. During the winters
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