. Biophysics: concepts and mechanisms. Biophysics. (a) heat 100 % conversion (b) Figure 7-1. Energy Interconversion, (a); (b) Degradation of Different Forms of Energy into Heat Energy (the "Heat Death"). some pertinent chemical transformations, and physiologists have done some- thing toward relating chemical energy and work. The many relationships which must exist in living systems among mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, and heat energies are as yet poorly known. This chapter attempts to summarize the conclusions which arise from a generalized approach to energy transfer, and to
. Biophysics: concepts and mechanisms. Biophysics. (a) heat 100 % conversion (b) Figure 7-1. Energy Interconversion, (a); (b) Degradation of Different Forms of Energy into Heat Energy (the "Heat Death"). some pertinent chemical transformations, and physiologists have done some- thing toward relating chemical energy and work. The many relationships which must exist in living systems among mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, and heat energies are as yet poorly known. This chapter attempts to summarize the conclusions which arise from a generalized approach to energy transfer, and to indicate how far they can be carried into a descrip- tion of the living system. In this account, use will be made of three different types of symbols, small-case letters, capital letters, and script capital letters, which usually refer to 1 gram, to 1 mole, and to the whole system, respectively. The capi- tals and script capitals have the further property of being "variables of state"—being variables the value of which help to define the state or condi- tion of the system or subject, irrespective of past history. This will become more clearly understood as the subject is developed. Some Useful Definitions Energy (from the Greek word meaning "active in work") — usually defined as the potency for doing work. Remember the difficulties with definition raised in Chapter 2? kinetic Energy (KE)—energy of motion; energy contained within a bound- ary by virute of the motion of the parts contained therein. Potential Energy (PE) — literally "energy of position'1; more generally energy stored in any metastable but convertible form. Heat Energy (HE or q) — in terms of the kinetic theory, identically equal to the kinetic energy of motion (rotations, vibrations, translations) of the com- ponent Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of
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