. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Water 7 to the total number of particles of solute, irrespective of their kind and size. A number of properties of solutions, the colligative properties such as vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure, arc tiuis related to the number of particles of solute. Dilute solutions behave like gases; hence the osmotic pressure (tt) equals the molal concentration (C) multiplied by the gas constant (R= Hter atmosphere) and the absolute temperature (T), (tt^CRT). The higher the concentratio
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Water 7 to the total number of particles of solute, irrespective of their kind and size. A number of properties of solutions, the colligative properties such as vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure, arc tiuis related to the number of particles of solute. Dilute solutions behave like gases; hence the osmotic pressure (tt) equals the molal concentration (C) multiplied by the gas constant (R= Hter atmosphere) and the absolute temperature (T), (tt^CRT). The higher the concentration of solute, the greater are the S5- - -3 o ''-^-^ Z ^ < 0^ — — - Fig. 2. The relation between lowering of the freezing point and concentration of NaCl in molarity and cc. osmotic pressure, the decrease in vapor pressure, the elevation of the boiling point, and the depression of the freezing point of the solution. Any one of the colHgative properties can be calculated from any of the others In practice osmotic pressure of body fluids is not ordinarily measured directly, but usually either the depression of the freezing point Arp. or the vapor pressure is measured. A molal aqueous sobtion of nonelectrolyte f eeze at °C. The symbolA indicates lowering of a freezing point; A., e ers to the medium C.,=outside), A. refers to the blood (.-mside), Au refers to Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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