. History of France and Normandy, from the earliest times to the revolution of 1848. resisted, anda terrible slaughter ensued. After having obtained so gloriousa victory, Philip returned to Paris, and entered his capital intriumph. His two most bitter enemies, the count of Flandersand the count of Boulogne, were led in triumph and confinedin the Louvre, then a castle in the vicinity of Paris, whichserved both for a palace and a prison. 26. John, after this defeat of his allies, was on the brinkof ruin; he had been compelled by his barons to sign MagnaCharta, and swear to its observance, but th
. History of France and Normandy, from the earliest times to the revolution of 1848. resisted, anda terrible slaughter ensued. After having obtained so gloriousa victory, Philip returned to Paris, and entered his capital intriumph. His two most bitter enemies, the count of Flandersand the count of Boulogne, were led in triumph and confinedin the Louvre, then a castle in the vicinity of Paris, whichserved both for a palace and a prison. 26. John, after this defeat of his allies, was on the brinkof ruin; he had been compelled by his barons to sign MagnaCharta, and swear to its observance, but the oath was violatedalmost as soon as it had been taken. On this the A« D. barons declared him deposed, and elected as their loifisovereign Louis, the eldest son of Philip, whose wife,Blanche of Castile, was the grand-daughter of Henry II.;and this prince was actually proclaimed in London. WhenInnocent heard of these transactions, he redoubled his ex-communications, but they were disregarded; indignationthrew him into a fever, and he died while meditating new PHILIP AUGUSTUS. 93. PHILIP AUGUSTUS. 95 acts of violence. 27. The greater part of England hadalready submitted to Louis, when the death of John savedthat country from a foreign yoke; the English everywheresubmitted to Henry III., the son of John, and Louis had thegood sense to resign a crown which he could scarcely haveretained. 28. We have already seen how the death of prince Arthurenabled Philip to establish the royal authority in the northernprovinces of France; circumstances, equally extraordinary,destroyed all the national power of the inhabitants of thecountry between the Mediterranean, the Rhone, and the Ga-ronne. These men, for the most part vassals of the countof Toulouse, were, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, farsuperior to the rest of Gaul in wealth and civilization. Theycarried on an extensive and lucrative commerce with the East,where the signature of their count had then greater weightthan the king
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