. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann MuÌller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. I20 AyClOSPERMAEâDlCOTYLEDONES causing the displacement of two antlieis. The apex of the anther-cone is conse- quently opened, and pollen is sprinkled on the under-side of the visitor. Even repeated visits do not permanently open the cone, for the short filaments are broad, and fleshy inwardly directed pouches of the corolla (which surround the base of the cone) direct the stamens back to their original position. The pollen received by bees from younger flow
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann MuÌller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. I20 AyClOSPERMAEâDlCOTYLEDONES causing the displacement of two antlieis. The apex of the anther-cone is conse- quently opened, and pollen is sprinkled on the under-side of the visitor. Even repeated visits do not permanently open the cone, for the short filaments are broad, and fleshy inwardly directed pouches of the corolla (which surround the base of the cone) direct the stamens back to their original position. The pollen received by bees from younger flowers is deposited on the stigmas of older ones in the second (female) stage. Should insect-visits fail, automatic self-pollination may take place to a limited extent, for the pollen remaining in the cone can fall upon the stigma, though Darwin says this is an exceptional occurrence. Bees grasp the tooth-like appendages of the filaments with their claws, thus displacing the anthers and causing the pollen to fall. Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, in shape like two apposed hemispheres with a central groove, smooth, up to 43 /x long and 25-8 fj. broad. Visitors.âHerm. Miiller (II. M.) for Westphalia, and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following list.â A. Hymenoptera. {a) Api- dae: i. Anthidium oblongaturn iJr. %, skg. (Budd.); 2. Apis mellifica L. 5, very numerous, skg. and po-cltg. (H. jM.) ; 3. Bombus pra- torum L. 5 and §. skg. and po-cltg. (H. M., Budd.); 4. Halictus sex- notalus A', j, freq., skg. (H. M.); 5. H. zonulus Sm. 5, skg. (); 6. Megachile cenmncularis /.. J, in large numbers, skg. (H. RI., Budd.); 7. M. fasciata Sm. J, do. (Budd.); 8. Osmia fulviventris Pz. S, do. (Budd.); ^). O. rufa L. 5, skg. (Budd.). {[)) Vespidae: 10. Odyne- rus parietum L. J, skg. (.?). B. Le- pidoptera. Nociuidae : 11. l^lusia gamma /.., skg., in the evening (H. M.). The lollowing were recorded In the observers, and for the localiLies stated.â Knuth, 2 bees â A
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