. Circular. Insect pests; Insect pests. iiioiv ahiiiulant of later years. It l)reeds in the dust under cariK'ts. and its larva is a white, very slender, almost threaddikf crenttire. Not much complaint would be made of house flies were the true house fly a nonexistent form. Under ordinary circumstances it far outnumbers all other species in houses. Connnon and widespread as this species is, there is very general ignorance, as with many other extremely connnon insects, as to its life history and habits outside of the adult stage. Writing in IST:'), Dr. A. S. Packard ^ showcMl that no one in this
. Circular. Insect pests; Insect pests. iiioiv ahiiiulant of later years. It l)reeds in the dust under cariK'ts. and its larva is a white, very slender, almost threaddikf crenttire. Not much complaint would be made of house flies were the true house fly a nonexistent form. Under ordinary circumstances it far outnumbers all other species in houses. Connnon and widespread as this species is, there is very general ignorance, as with many other extremely connnon insects, as to its life history and habits outside of the adult stage. Writing in IST:'), Dr. A. S. Packard ^ showcMl that no one in this country had up to that time investigated its habits, and that even in Europe but little attention had been given to it. He showed that the habits were mentioned in only three w^orks, one of Avhicli was published during the ]H'esent century, with figures so poor and inadequate as to be actually misleading. De Geer (lTr)2) showed that the larva lives in warm and humid dung, but did not say how long it re- mains in the ditferent stages. Bouche (1S;U) -tates that the larva lives in horse and fowl's dung, especially when warm. Tie did not, however, give the length of the larval state. Dr. Packard studied the spe- cies Avith some care, and ob- tained larse numbers of the. a, J, KiG. 3.âThe common house lly; â (, piipa removed ea'Ji'S bv eXi:)OSino' horse manure. fn)m puparium; b, hind eml of body of larva msec- "^ â ,. 11 /⢠iV 1,1 , Olid stage; c, anal spiracles of larva m fir^5t stage- He carefully followed the trans- all enlarged (author's illustration). formations of the insect, and gave descriptions of all stages. He found the duration of the egg- state to be twenty-four hours, the duration of the larval state five to seven days, and of the pupal state five to seven days. The period from the time of hatching to the exclusion of the adult therefore occupies, according to Packard, from ten to fourteen days. His observations were made at Salem, Mass. As is quite to be e
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