China: Mao Zedong announces the establishment of the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square, Beijing, on October 1, 1949. Mao Zedong, also spelt Mao Tse-tung (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), was a Chinese communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, author, political theorist, and leader of the Chinese Revolution. Commonly referred to as Chairman Mao, he was the architect of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949, and held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976.

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