. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1987 Waldron, Aboud, Ambrose and Meyers: Shumard Oak in Canada 533 Table I. Herbarium specimens, initially identified as Quercus coccinea that are referable to Q. velutina. TRT9180 Q. coccinea, coll. Wm. Scott, May 16, 1896; det. J. Macoun; annotated Q. velutina, P. V. Krotkov, 1940. TRT 91979 Q. coccinea, coW. J. H. Soperand H. M. Dale, Aug 15, 1948; det. J. K. Shields; annotated Q. velutina, J. H. Soper, 1954. American oaks to attract popular attention, has been credited with a range far beyond its actual limits (Gibson 1913; Palmer 1942). Thus we find Macoun
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1987 Waldron, Aboud, Ambrose and Meyers: Shumard Oak in Canada 533 Table I. Herbarium specimens, initially identified as Quercus coccinea that are referable to Q. velutina. TRT9180 Q. coccinea, coll. Wm. Scott, May 16, 1896; det. J. Macoun; annotated Q. velutina, P. V. Krotkov, 1940. TRT 91979 Q. coccinea, coW. J. H. Soperand H. M. Dale, Aug 15, 1948; det. J. K. Shields; annotated Q. velutina, J. H. Soper, 1954. American oaks to attract popular attention, has been credited with a range far beyond its actual limits (Gibson 1913; Palmer 1942). Thus we find Macoun (1883-1886) giving the range of Scarlet Oak up to the Toronto area and "more numerous to the west and in the forest along the Niagara River and Lake Erie". In Ontario, Shumard Oak can be confused with the following oaks: Red, Pin, Hill's, and Black. Typical specimens of Shumard Oak can be separated from the above oaks with just a few characters. Hill's and Black oak are characteristically trees of well-drained, usually coarse-textured soils. Shumard Oak grows on moist soils of fine texture. Pin and often Hill's oak have descending lower branches in contrast to the massive, ascending branches of Shumard Oak. Pin, Hill's and Black oaks have small acorns cm or less in length. Shumard Oak, on the other hand, is similar to Red Oak in having large acorns about cm long (Figure 1). It is, however, separated from Red Oak by its lustrous leaves with deep, rounded sinuses and conspicuous, axillary tufts of hair on the lower leaf surface. Red Oak leaves tend to be dull, and the sinuses narrow, shallow and without conspicuous, axillary tufts. Scales on the acorn cup of Shumard Oak are usually grey tomentose versus the shiny, glabrous scales of Red Oak. The first published description of what is now called Q. shumardii was by Torrey (1859), who recognized the taxon as Q. coccinea var. microcarpa. Earlier collections by Engelmann from the St. Louis, Missouri, area appear in
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