Military aeroplanes; an explanatory consideration of their characteristics, performances, construction, maintenance, and operation, for the use of aviators . PLSHKR BIPLANES Above—Left—Wilbur Wright, the inventor, and the early type of Wright double j)usherbiplane, with elevator out in front. Right—Double screw pusher Wright biplane,of later pattern, elevator in rear. Center — Twin screw, pusher fuselage biplane, with engine in front. Bottom —Left —Early Curtiss open body, pusher —one screw, three wheel chassis,rudders in rear. Right — Farman pusher biplane with nacelle or enclosed body. A fus
Military aeroplanes; an explanatory consideration of their characteristics, performances, construction, maintenance, and operation, for the use of aviators . PLSHKR BIPLANES Above—Left—Wilbur Wright, the inventor, and the early type of Wright double j)usherbiplane, with elevator out in front. Right—Double screw pusher Wright biplane,of later pattern, elevator in rear. Center — Twin screw, pusher fuselage biplane, with engine in front. Bottom —Left —Early Curtiss open body, pusher —one screw, three wheel chassis,rudders in rear. Right — Farman pusher biplane with nacelle or enclosed body. A fuselage encloses motor seats, etc., but in addition serves as the main structuralunit of a machine, whereas a nacelle serves merely for wind protection, since aseparate frame carries the rudders. The term empennages refers to the tail surfaces of a machine, whether they be bal-anced or flap and fin. The term fin largely replaces the term keel. Il will be noted tiuit the early Wrightmachines have no fins or keels in the empennages. The side surfaces of an enclosed fuselage are virtually keels. 20. .s a. .^.hr X 4/ - J2 Jj ? 2^1— : S so !U a; S c c in ,— — Q J < < Da a-O ^ ^ O 2 «2 ca • 21 MONOPLANES. It has often been the custom, distinctly to separate biplanesand monoplanes, as diflfcrcnt types. This is hardly justified, since theonly distinguishing feature is the use of a single deck, king posttype of truss to carry the air pressure lifting load, in the monoplane,and a double deck, Pratt type truss, in tlic bi])lanc. Biplane sur-faces, do interfere shghtly with each other, but in tractors the disposi-tion of motor, wings, body, rudders and wvu chassis, is identical, whetherbiplane or monoplane. A further misconception, in this connection, is that the monoplaneis faster than the bii)lane. The more recent speed scout biplanes haveproved the fallacy of this, and, in later chapters, it will be found thatbii)lane and mono])lane are both similar
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectairplanes, bookyear19
