. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . ^ very great and they are liable to destruction by confine such a fire to a limited section, fire-breaks^ aremade—, the shed is discontinued for a length of perhaps 100feet. Then, to protect that section of track, a V-shaped de-flector will be placed on the uphill side which will deflect all § 292. MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS. 311 descending material so that it passes over the sheds. SoHd cribwork is largely used for these structures. Fortunately suitabletimber for such construction is usually plentiful and cheapwhere these
. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . ^ very great and they are liable to destruction by confine such a fire to a limited section, fire-breaks^ aremade—, the shed is discontinued for a length of perhaps 100feet. Then, to protect that section of track, a V-shaped de-flector will be placed on the uphill side which will deflect all § 292. MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS. 311 descending material so that it passes over the sheds. SoHd cribwork is largely used for these structures. Fortunately suitabletimber for such construction is usually plentiful and cheapwhere these structures are necessary. Sufficient ventilationis obtained by longitudinal openings along one side immediatelyunder the roof. Summer tracks are usually built outsidethe sheds to avoid the discomfort of passing through these semi-tunnels in pleasant weather. The fundamental elements inthe design of such structures is shown in Fig. 163, w^hich illus-trates some of the sheds used on the Canadian Pacific Railroad, 12x15. ^^^0^^^^ Level-fall shedFig. 163.—Snow-sheds—Canadian Pacific Railroad. 292. Turn-tables. The essential feature of a turn-table is acarriage of sufficient size and strength to carry a locomotive,the carriage turning on a pivot of sufficient size to carry such aload. The carriage revolves in a circular pit w^hose top hasthe same general level as the surrounding tracks. The car-riages were formerly made largely of w^ood; very many ofthose still in use are of cast iron. Structural steel is now uni-versally employed for all modern work and since the construc-tion of the carriage and the pivot is a special problem in struc-tures, no further attention wdll here be paid to the subjectexcept to that part which the railroad engineer must w^ork out 312 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. § 292. —laying out the site and preparing the foundation. Theminimum length of such a carriage (and therefore the diameterof the pit) is e\ddentl,y the length over all of the longest engineand
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