. The book of bee-keeping : a practical and complete manual on the proper management of bees ... Bees; Bee culture. APPLIANCES. 27 centre to centre of combs should be l^in.—of which there are a great variety on the market. We will therefore enumerate some of the chief, and recommend those which in practice have been found most serviceable. To commence, we must note that the most ancient were pieces of wood tacked on each side of the ends ; or else they were cut out of the solid wood, to form half-space—the frames resting on zinc runners in the hive. The next advance (?) was having the full spa


. The book of bee-keeping : a practical and complete manual on the proper management of bees ... Bees; Bee culture. APPLIANCES. 27 centre to centre of combs should be l^in.—of which there are a great variety on the market. We will therefore enumerate some of the chief, and recommend those which in practice have been found most serviceable. To commence, we must note that the most ancient were pieces of wood tacked on each side of the ends ; or else they were cut out of the solid wood, to form half-space—the frames resting on zinc runners in the hive. The next advance (?) was having the full space blocks on each end of opposite sides of the bar ; this, in our opinion, was a retrograde step, although it is used at the present time by many ; but their disadvantages are being gradually found out. At about the same time wire staples were introduced, and are used in a few hives now, although these are but a poor contrivance at the best. A great advance was made by the introduction of solid metal ends (under this separate heading we will describe various makes of these). No bee-keeper who has used these will ever revert to the former contrivances ; the only alteration likely to be made will be to do without any spacing guides at all. 48. Broad Section-frames.—Broad frames are used for what is called back supering. They are of a size to take six 4i by 4i sections, as illustration. The "sepa- rators " are strips of zinc (No. 6), tacked across the two rows of sections. These frames are grad- ually going out of use in England, as all ad- vanced bee-keepers "tier up" their hives instead of supering laterally, the former being found to be much the better plan. The width of frame en- tirely depends upon that of the sections used, The Broad Frame, with Sections fitted with Foundation. as almost all sections are 2in. wide. this size is the usual one made. 49. Snpers.—The varieties are legion. In a box, no matter of what material made, the bees will


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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectbees, bookyear1901