. A history of the United States. What industry grew up in the wheat-growing region? EXERCISES 1. Name and locate the chief Pacific railroads. 2. Compare the methods of farming in colonial days with those in the westernstates to-day. See pages 123-124. 3. How did the settlers reach the frontier in colonial days? How in thedays of the settlement of the western prairies? Important Dates: 1869. Completion of the first Pacific railroad. 1890. By this date the free lands useful for farming, without irrigation, are mostly gone, thus ending the era of colonization within the United States. CHAPTER XL
. A history of the United States. What industry grew up in the wheat-growing region? EXERCISES 1. Name and locate the chief Pacific railroads. 2. Compare the methods of farming in colonial days with those in the westernstates to-day. See pages 123-124. 3. How did the settlers reach the frontier in colonial days? How in thedays of the settlement of the western prairies? Important Dates: 1869. Completion of the first Pacific railroad. 1890. By this date the free lands useful for farming, without irrigation, are mostly gone, thus ending the era of colonization within the United States. CHAPTER XLI NEW METHODS OF WORKING The New Factory System. — The early factories took fromthe household and the small shop such industries as spinning,weaving, and forging. As the use of machinery increased andnew inventions were made, other household industries — themaking of butter and cheese, the preserving or canning offruits and vegetables, the curing, and even the cooking ofmeats — were moved, at least in part, to the Scene in a Knitting Mill Factories also increased in size, as water power was usedless and steam more. Many factories originally located nearswift-running streams were abandoned. If the water powerwas abundant, they were enlarged, but steam was often usedas well as water power. The towns of New England, New York, New Jersey, andPennsylvania, which first began weaving silk, cotton, and 464 THE NEW METHODS OF WORKING woolen goods, or tanning leather, and making these productsinto clothing, shoes, and gloves, still continue in the sameindustries. Their factories are commonly run by steam orelectricity. They must often send a distance for fuel as wellas for materials like cotton, wool, and hides. In spite ofthese disadvantages they are able to continue in the samebusiness because they have made a reputation for good work-manship and have a body of trained men and women in theirfactories. Since the Civil War, factories have slowly migrated whereverfuel, mat
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