. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 805 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER December 15, 1919 TWO LEAFHOPPERS INJURIOUS TO APPLE NURSERY STOCK. By A. J. ACKERMAN, Scientific Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 The apple leafhopper 2 History 2 Distribution 2 Food plants 3 Character of injury 4 Extent of injury and influencing factors 5 Description of stages 5 Allied specie<5 6 Life history and habits 7 Summary of seasonal history 19 Natural ene
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 805 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER December 15, 1919 TWO LEAFHOPPERS INJURIOUS TO APPLE NURSERY STOCK. By A. J. ACKERMAN, Scientific Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 The apple leafhopper 2 History 2 Distribution 2 Food plants 3 Character of injury 4 Extent of injury and influencing factors 5 Description of stages 5 Allied specie<5 6 Life history and habits 7 Summary of seasonal history 19 Natural enemies 20 Page. The rose leafhopper 20 History 20 Synonymy 21 Origin and distribution 21 Food plants 21 Character of injury 22 Description of stages 22 Life history and habits 23 Summary of seasonal history 28 Natural enemies 28 Remedial measures 29 Summary 33 ^ Literature cited 34 INTRODUCTION. Serious injury to apple nursery stock due to the attack of leaf- hoppers attracted the writer's attention while engaged in the investi- gation of nursery fruit insects at West Chester, Pa. An examina- tion of the injury showed the presence of two species of leaf hoppers, the common apple leafhopper^ and the rose leafhopper.^ Further study proved that each species produced a distinct type of injury, that caused by the apple leafhopper being by far the more serious. The conflicting nature of the entomological literature regarding the char- acter of injury caused by these two species and their habits led the writer, under the direction of Dr. A. L. Quaintance, of the Bureau of Entomology, to undertake a study of their individual life histories and the means for their control. 1 Empoasca mali (Le Baron); order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera, family Cicadellidae. ' Empoa rosne (Linn.); order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera, family Cicadellidae. 132816°—19 1. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration a
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