. Canadian Shipping and Marine Engineering January-December 1916. erior lines. It may alsobe added that the economical productionof modern shipping is for climatic rea-sons mainly confined to the limits oflatitude alroady mentioned. Physical Characteristics The exchange of commodities, which concerned should possess large supplierof natural energy such as coal and iron;and it is also advantageous to sea power,that there should be a natural deficiencyof raw material for manufactures suchas cotton, wool, vegetable oils, hides, andeven wood, since such deficiency wouldproduce a demand for shippin
. Canadian Shipping and Marine Engineering January-December 1916. erior lines. It may alsobe added that the economical productionof modern shipping is for climatic rea-sons mainly confined to the limits oflatitude alroady mentioned. Physical Characteristics The exchange of commodities, which concerned should possess large supplierof natural energy such as coal and iron;and it is also advantageous to sea power,that there should be a natural deficiencyof raw material for manufactures suchas cotton, wool, vegetable oils, hides, andeven wood, since such deficiency wouldproduce a demand for shipping. As regards number of people it is notdifficult to see that a hii;h density ofpopulation per mile of coast line is animportant asset, since it means thecountry cannot be self-supporting andit also provides a big reserve of power,both in regard to personnel and mater-ial, which can become useful for enforc-ing sea power in times of emergency. Character of People and Form of Gov-ernment Since sea power is based on peacefuland extensive commerce, it follows that. ; ~~~~~~ CANADIAN PACIFIC OCEAN SERVICES SS. ALSATIAN. from world trade routes is very disad-vantageous; it is therefore necessary toconsider where the most favorable posi-tion is likely to occur. It will be ob-served that by far the greatest propor-tion of land, and also of inhabitants, oc-curs in the northern hemisphere, and itmay be stated roughly that the centreof gravity of land and inhabitants issomewhere between 30 degrees and (i!)degrees north latitude. Moreover, owing to the climatic con-ditions of tve world, it is in just thisregion that the srreatest natural energyof man is deve^ned. and if this were notsufficient, a glance at an economic chartindicates that the greatest part of the constitutes trade, is considerably facili-tated and can be more economically pur-sued by sea than on land. Moreover, anation whose only frontier is the sea isby nature compelled, unless it prefers tolive on its own resources, to s
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