. A reference hand-book of gynecology for nurses . Pubic SymphysisFig. i.—The pelvis. ilso to support and protect the internal organs ofmeration. Four bones compose the pelvis: two innominatebones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. At birth each innominate bone (Fig. 2) consistsof three separate bones, called the ilium, theischium, and the pubis. These unite at thirteento fifteen years to form one large irregular bone. The ilium is the upper expanded portion of theinnominate bone; its upper border is a thick ridge 12 GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES which forms the prominence of the hip and givesattachment to
. A reference hand-book of gynecology for nurses . Pubic SymphysisFig. i.—The pelvis. ilso to support and protect the internal organs ofmeration. Four bones compose the pelvis: two innominatebones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. At birth each innominate bone (Fig. 2) consistsof three separate bones, called the ilium, theischium, and the pubis. These unite at thirteento fifteen years to form one large irregular bone. The ilium is the upper expanded portion of theinnominate bone; its upper border is a thick ridge 12 GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES which forms the prominence of the hip and givesattachment to the muscles of the abdominal outer surface of the ilium gives attachmentto the large muscles of the buttocks. The innersurface is smooth and concave, forming the iliacfossa. The ischium is the lower and posterior portionof the innominate bone. The body rests upon thetuberosities of the ischium in the sitting posture. Jschi. Wtabulufn, Tuberosity of Ischium^ Fig. 2.—The innominate bone. The pubic bone is the anterior portion of theinnominate bone. The two pubic bones uniteto complete the pelvis anteriorly. Their articula-tion is called the pubic symphysis. On the outer surface of the innominate boneis a cup-shaped articular cavity, the acetabulum,which receives the head of the femur. The sacrum (Fig. 3) is a wedge-shaped bonewhich completes the pelvis posteriorly. It istraversed by a central canal, which lodges thesacral nerves. These nerves pass out throughopenings on the anterior and posterior surfaces of L ANATOMY 13 the bone. The anterior surface is smooth and con-cave; it is called the hollow of the sacrum. Theposterior surface is rough, and presents spines andprocesses for the attachment of muscles and liga-ments.
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