. Biological stains; a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy); Stains and Staining; Dyes. 140 Biological Stains Auramine O has been in use for some time as a drug, but until recently has been regarded as having httle value in microscopic technic. A search of the literature in 1936 revealed only the following rather obscure staining procedures calling for this dye: by Vinassa (1891) for staining plant sections; by Fischel (1901) for vital staining of salamander larvae; and by Kisser (1931), with cresyl violet as a tiss
. Biological stains; a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy); Stains and Staining; Dyes. 140 Biological Stains Auramine O has been in use for some time as a drug, but until recently has been regarded as having httle value in microscopic technic. A search of the literature in 1936 revealed only the following rather obscure staining procedures calling for this dye: by Vinassa (1891) for staining plant sections; by Fischel (1901) for vital staining of salamander larvae; and by Kisser (1931), with cresyl violet as a tissue stain. More recently, however, its pro- perties as a fluorochrome have brought it into considerable promi- nence in fluorescence microscopy. Richards and Miller (1941) recommend it as the best, among numerous fluorochromes investi- gated by them, for staining the tubercle organism. Their method, because of the low magnification and large fields which it makes possible, allows such an increase in the number of positives in diagnosis that it has attracted much attention to this dye since their method appeared. The spectrophotometric curve of a typical sample is given in Fig. 17. The most striking feature of this curve is the secondary maximum at 380. For technic of fluorescent staining of acid-fast bacteria, see Staining Procedures,* p. IIIA2-9. 2. TRI-PHENYL METHANE DERIVATIVES There are two groups of tri-phenyl methanes to concern us, the amino and the hydroxy derivatives. The former, which are much the more numerous, are very strongly basic, thanks to the amino groups, unless sulfonated like light green or acid fuchsin. The rosolic acid dyes, on the other hand, are hydroxy phenyl methanes, the amino groups being replaced by hydroxyl groups; they are therefore acid instead of basic dyes. There are likewise two subdivisions of the amino derivatives, the di-amino tri-phenyl methanes and the tri-amino tri-phenyl methanes. These two groups are derivatives respectively of: di-ami
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