. Textile raw materials and their conversion into yarns : (the study of the raw materials and the technology of the spinning process) a text-book for textile, trade and higher technical schools, as also for self-instruction ; based upon the ordinary syllabus and curriculum of the Imperial and Royal Austrian weaving schools. ng a mean summertemperature between 20° and 30° C. Climate and soil, however,exert considerable influence on its character, and hence eachproducing country has its own peculiar varieties of cotton. Character of the Cotton Plant.—The plant is known in allsizes, from a herbac
. Textile raw materials and their conversion into yarns : (the study of the raw materials and the technology of the spinning process) a text-book for textile, trade and higher technical schools, as also for self-instruction ; based upon the ordinary syllabus and curriculum of the Imperial and Royal Austrian weaving schools. ng a mean summertemperature between 20° and 30° C. Climate and soil, however,exert considerable influence on its character, and hence eachproducing country has its own peculiar varieties of cotton. Character of the Cotton Plant.—The plant is known in allsizes, from a herbaceous growth about 27 inches high to ashrub-like plant 40 to 80 inches in height, and even as a tree10 to 20 feet high. It bears three- to five-lobcd leaves andpale yellow or reddish blossoms, which, at the stage of ripeness,develop into a three- to five-lobed brownish capsule (cotton lO TEXTILE RAW MATERIALS. boll) about as large as a walnut. Each lobe contains threeto eight dark brown, greenish or black seeds about the size ofa pea, the seed hairs of which, in course of their development,burst the boll and appear as a tuft. Picking.—At harvest time, which lasts for two to fourmonths, the cotton fibre is picked by hand, sorted (all underripe, over ripe and spoilt portions being thrown aside), andfinally Fig. I.—Saw-gin (section). Ginning.—As the bolls enclose the seeds—which make upabout 70 per cent, of the total weight—it would be irrationalto pack the cotton for shipment without having been it is ginned, or freed from the seed, at theplantation, by passing it through ginning machines, whichare of two principal types, the saw-gin and the roller-gin,the former being used for short-staple cotton, the latter forthat of longer staple. Fig. I represents a longitudinal section of a saw-gin. Herethe circular saws, b, mounted on the revolving shaft, a, drawthe cotton out of the hopper, c, through the grating, d, and TEXTILE RAW MATERIALS. II
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecttextile, bookyear1901
