. A manual of electro-static modes of application, therapeutics, radiography, and radiotherapy . manufacturer will then produce an apparatus to meet thedemand. There is no reason why any except machines ofgreat capacity should be constructed at all, because there areno patents affecting the essential working features of the ap-paratus. The earliest type of apparatus for producing Franklinic elec-tricity was a crude machine employing a cylinder of amber inwhich the current was excited by friction. Gradually, vul-canite and glass came into use and the machines were madein various sizes and shape
. A manual of electro-static modes of application, therapeutics, radiography, and radiotherapy . manufacturer will then produce an apparatus to meet thedemand. There is no reason why any except machines ofgreat capacity should be constructed at all, because there areno patents affecting the essential working features of the ap-paratus. The earliest type of apparatus for producing Franklinic elec-tricity was a crude machine employing a cylinder of amber inwhich the current was excited by friction. Gradually, vul-canite and glass came into use and the machines were madein various sizes and shapes. The only static apparatus to befound in the laboratory thirty years ago was one provided witha revolving disk having a means of exciting an electrical dis-charge by friction upon both sides of a revolving current was collected at one end and conducted to a large STATIC ELECTRICITY. condensing ball, the opposite end of the apparatus being:grounded. (See Fig. i.) Such machines at best and under most favorable conditionsexcite but a modest current, and are employed for administer-. Fig. I. — Friction Machine. ing sparks in connection with a Leyden jar. Therapeuticallythe apparatus is destined to accomplish little. The essential requirement for efficient therapeutic work of amodern static machine causes the physician to wonder how anyvaluable effect could have been derived from the crude devicesof the early times. The first type of influence machine, the Holtz (see Fig. 2),was invented by Holtz, a German, in 1863, and markeda new era in the possibilities of the static machine. In this APPARATUS. type of apparatus, it is necessary to employ some means ofexciting the initial charge. In all other respects, the pos-sibilities of the quantity and potential of the current are equal ■ ^^S^^ \ \m Hi a ■■■si Wbt£k II f* fill k 1 Fig. 2.—A Modern Holtz Machine. if not superior to the currents produced by the other typesof static machines. The Toepler-Holtz (s
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