. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Intake Apparatus 309 An extreme subdivision of the stomach is reached by the ruminants, which have four "stomachs" (Fig. 258). The first in order is the "paunch," or rumen, which is a spacious storage bag for the temporary reception and fermentation of grass or herbage upon which ruminants feed. Micro- organisms present in the rumen of domestic cattle, and possibly other rumi- nants, act upon simple nitrogenous compounds to synthesize p
. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. Intake Apparatus 309 An extreme subdivision of the stomach is reached by the ruminants, which have four "stomachs" (Fig. 258). The first in order is the "paunch," or rumen, which is a spacious storage bag for the temporary reception and fermentation of grass or herbage upon which ruminants feed. Micro- organisms present in the rumen of domestic cattle, and possibly other rumi- nants, act upon simple nitrogenous compounds to synthesize proteins as well as sufficient quantities of the B-complex vitamins to supply the dietary needs of these vertebrates. From the rumen the food is passed over into the "honeycomb stomach," or reticulum, that, as its name indicates, is lined with many shallow pits. When leisure from prehensile feeding ;l:^~/75tmasf'ca/-IOj,M comes, food which was hurriedly Initial Swallowing-4[* l ewi"g .u swallowed with little mastication Regurgitation—lj,,/ Esophagus is regurgitated into the mouth for Omasum, rechewing. This material, corning in part from the rumen and in part Intestine from the reticulum, is known as the "; It includes roughage, such grains as happen to be Rumen— trapped in the roughage, and a Fig. 258. Diagram of a ruminant stomach, considerable quantity of water with broken lines showing the course of the which facilitates the passage of the cud up the esophagus. During the first few chewing movements the animal swallows most of the liquid brought up. After remastication and a thorough mixing with saliva, the food is again swallowed and passes once more into the rumen. Then another cud is regurgitated, thus beginning a new cycle of ru- mination. Most of the food that has been thoroughly chewed and mixed with liquid soon passes into the reticulum and then shortly into the omasum, or "manyplies ; This third chamber is lined with
Size: 2195px × 1138px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubjectanatomycomparative, booksubjectverte
